Eczema refers to a set of skin disorders that cause inflammation and irritation. Atopic dermatitis (sometimes called atopic eczema) is the most prevalent form. When a person is "atopic," they have a higher risk of developing asthma and other allergy disorders.
In the US, eczema affects 10% to 20% of infants and 3% of adults and children. Most kids get over it by the time they turn 10. Symptoms may recur intermittently throughout a person's lifetime for some.
There is currently no known cure; however, most people can control symptoms by medication and avoiding triggers. You can't pass eczema on to someone else because it's not infectious. This article takes you through a comprehensive understanding of eczema. Hopefully it can be a good introduction to people who are curious about eczema. 

Causes of Eczema

Eczema can be triggered by a variety of different things, such as:

• Immune System - Little environmental irritants or allergens (triggers) can cause a severe immunological reaction in people with eczema. When exposed to a trigger, the immune system incorrectly identifies these harmless substances as dangerous pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Hence, the triggers set off your body's defense mechanisms. Inflammation is a defensive response from your immune system. The skin signs of eczema are brought on by inflammation.
• Genes - If eczema or dermatitis runs in your family, you may be at a higher risk of developing it yourself. Also, asthma, hay fever, and other allergic reactions are additional risk factors. Most people who suffer from allergies do so because of exposure to pollen, pet hair, or certain foods. It's also possible that a mutation in your genes is to blame for a breakdown in your skin's barrier function.
• Environment - A lot of the things around you can cause skin irritation. A few examples are using harsh soaps, wearing wool clothing, and using certain skin care products. You may experience dryness and itching on your skin if the humidity levels in the room are low. Extreme heat and humidity can make you sweat, aggravating your itchy skin.
• Psychological Triggers - Eczema flare-ups have been linked to a person's mental health because of the connection between the two. Flare-ups of eczema symptoms may occur more frequently if you experience significant stress, anxiety, or despair.

Signs and Symptoms of Eczema

Keep in mind that eczema and its manifestations manifest differently in each individual. As a result, the damaged areas of skin will react differently depending on the person's preferred skin care method. Eczema symptoms include:

• Scratching
• Dry, sensitive skin
• Red, irritated skin; Patches of rough, leathery, or scaly skin
• Crusty or oozing
• Inflammatory areas

You may experience some or all of the above eczema symptoms. Your symptoms may improve gradually or entirely. While those with lighter skin tones may notice a red rash from their eczema, those with darker skin tones may notice a more mottled appearance.

Treating Eczema

Here are some ways to deal with atopic dermatitis:

• Medications - Itching can be reduced, and damaged skin can be repaired with the help of several treatment alternatives. Several lotions, gels, and ointments are offered and come in various strengths. Discuss your needs and preferences with your doctor. Most products are applied twice a day and always before applying moisturizer. Skin thinning is one potential adverse effect of using topical products excessively. 
• Relaxation Strategies - Experiencing stress can have a visible effect on your skin. Also, when you're feeling stressed or angry, you have a greater tendency to scratch. Symptoms of eczema can be reduced with the help of techniques like meditation, wet dressing, and therapy. Talking to a therapist could be helpful as well. Whether your skin issues result from destructive behaviors or negative mental patterns, they may help you overcome both.
• Light therapy - This may be your option if you have tried topical therapies without success or have had a rapid recurrence of symptoms following therapy. Exposing the affected skin to moderate levels of natural sunshine is the most straightforward light therapy (phototherapy).

Eczema in infants can be treated by ensuring you keep off skin-irritating substances off your child and also ensure you maintain a comfortable temperature for them. You should take your kid to the doctor if the rash doesn't clear or seems infected. Your infant may require antibiotics or medicine to control the rash.