Hemorrhoids are a common and uncomfortable condition that affects the veins around the anal and rectal area. They are also known as piles. Hemorrhoids can either be internal or external, depending on where they occur. Internal hemorrhoids occur inside the rectum and may not cause symptoms apart from bleeding during bowel movement. External hemorrhoids appear in the skin around the anus and may cause itching, pain, swelling, or a hard lump.
Hemorrhoids are more common in older adults and people that have a family history of the condition. Many people are embarrassed or uneasy about addressing hemorrhoids with their doctor. On the other hand, seeking medical advice and treatment can help control symptoms and prevent consequences.

Causes of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids can develop due to various factors, such as:

• Straining during bowel movements may increase pressure in the anal area and cause the veins to swell.
• Sitting on the toilet for long periods.
• Having chronic diarrhea or constipation may cause blood to not move at its expected rate within the vessels, known as pooling.
• Lack of fiber in the diet.
• Being overweight or obese can put pressure on the necessary tissue.
• When pregnant, hemorrhoids occur when the uterus exerts pressure on the pelvis, anus, and rectum. It can also be caused by an increase in progesterone level which weakens the walls of the veins. This makes them more likely to swell.
• As we age, the veins in the rectum and anus weaken and stretch, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.

Signs and Symptoms

They vary depending on the type of hemorrhoids you have. Here are some common signs and symptoms:

• Pain and discomfort during bowel movements or when sitting.
• Itching and irritation in the anal region.
• Swelling around the anus.
• Prolapse of internal hemorrhoids that stick out of the anus may need to be pushed back in.
• Lumps near the anus that may be sore.
• Bleeding during or after a bowel movement.
• Fecal leakage or seepage unintentionally from the anus.

Treatment for Hemorrhoids.

Different treatment types depend on the severity and type of hemorrhoids you have. Treatment can range from simple lifestyle modifications to medical procedures. Some possible treatments are:

• Home Remedies - These measures include eating more fiber, drinking more water, using over-the-counter lotions, resting in a warm bath, using cold packs, taking oral pain medicines, and avoiding straining. These remedies can help reduce minor hemorrhoid discomfort, edema, and irritation.
• External Hemorrhoid Thrombectomy - It is when a blood clot is removed from an external hemorrhoid. This can offer immediate relief from acute pain and swelling. This technique is most successful if performed within 3 days of clot formation.
• Minimally Invasive Procedures - Examples are rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, and hemorrhoidectomy. Your doctor will perform these treatments to reduce or eliminate internal hemorrhoids that bleed or prolapse. They are often done as outpatient operations and may need a local numbing.
• Surgery - It is reserved for severe or recurring hemorrhoids that have not responded to other therapies. The extra tissue that causes bleeding or prolapse is removed during surgery. Surgeons can use a scalpel, a laser, or a stapler to do surgery. Hospitalization may be required.