Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the two most common forms of the disease. The causes, manifestations, and remedies for each condition are unique. Long-term consequences may develop from poorly controlled diabetes. The body's capacity to make the hormone that controls blood sugar levels is destroyed in people with type 1 diabetes. Often, a diagnosis is made in early adulthood or during infancy. The hallmarks of this particular kind of diabetes include an increased thirst and urination. People feel extreme hunger and may have unexplained weight loss.
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, affects the way the body uses the hormone. It's usually diagnosed in middle-aged or older individuals. Furthermore, the condition is often associated with obesity. Symptoms may include increased thirst and urination, blurred vision, fatigue and slow-healing wounds.
Both types of diabetes can lead to severe complications if not properly managed. High blood sugar levels can lead to nerve damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disease. People with diabetes are also more susceptible to infections. They also risk developing diabetic foot ulcers that may eventually require amputation.
Diet Changes For Diabetics
Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels. This condition can be managed by controlling blood sugar, exercising regularly, and following a healthy diet. A proper diet can help:
- Control blood sugar levels.
- Reduce the risk of heart attacks and stroke.
- Prevent diabetic complications.
The diet should consist of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean protein, and healthy fats. Whole grains are fiber-rich and help maintain a steady blood sugar level. Foods such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and quinoa should also be included. Vegetables should be non-starchy as they are low in calories and nutrients. You can consider vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, and carrots. Also, consider fruits like berries and oranges, which are rich in antioxidants and vitamins. You can add lean proteins, including fish, chicken breast, turkey, and tofu. Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. Healthy fats like avocado, nuts, and seeds should be added to help improve heart health and reduce inflammation.
People with diabetes should avoid eating processed foods, consuming drinks with high levels of sugar, of foods which have high trans and saturated fat levels. These can increase blood sugar levels and heart disease risks and cause inflammation. Foods like white bread, pasta, and rice should also be replaced with whole grains as they are high in carbs. Alcohol intake should be limited, as it can lead to high blood sugar levels. People with diabetes should follow a daily meal plan to help maintain blood sugar levels. They should also try to consume smaller, frequent meals throughout the day instead of large ones at once.
Complications and Other Problems Caused by Diabetes
There are multiple complications which can occur due to diabetes. Some include:
- Nerve damage. High blood sugar levels for a long period of time can end up causing nerve damage. Specifically its to nerves which transmit signals from the spine and brain to the rest of the entire body. That can lead to numbness, tingling, and permanent nerve damage. This condition is diabetic neuropathy and can affect the arms, legs, feet, and organs.
- Cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is a known risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. That can result in atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in the arteries. People with this condition can experience blockages, resulting in a heart attack.
- Eye problems, such as cataracts and glaucoma. High blood sugar levels can cause the eyes' lenses to become cloudy and reduce vision. Consequently, the blood vessels around the retina are damaged. This condition leads to blindness if left untreated.
- Kidney damage. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to damaged and ineffective kidney function. This condition is known as diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of end-stage renal disease.
Dental problems, such as gum disease and tooth loss. High blood sugar levels can create a breeding ground for bacteria in the mouth, which can cause gum disease and tooth decay.
